NOTICIAS FOREX

Tensions in the Middle East are flaring up once again and markets are behaving exactly as one might expect. Two super tankers of Saudi Arabian and South Korean origin were struck by projectiles early on Tuesday morning while attempting to transit through the Strait of Hormuz, according to multiple sources. Mere hours later, the US military launched a retaliatory strike against several Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps targets located across southern Iran. President Trump followed up the attacks by threatening the Iranian regime with more retaliation ‘at a much harder and higher level’. Needless to say, all progress on the peace front has been scattered to the winds and both sides are back to square one. For a brief moment it did look like some kind of arrangement was beginning to emerge, but the last 48 hours have once again made mockery of such optimism. Crude oil prices inevitably creeped higher on Tuesday as the day’s events unfolded, pushing the Brent Crude benchmark to $95 per barrel. Precious metals were thoroughly unimpressed with the proceedings, with gold falling $120 to a daily close of $4,328 per ounce and silver crumbling back down to $64. Bitcoin held up better than both with a manageable 1.5% decline on the day, bringing the original cryptocurrency down to $77,400 per coin. US markets were still closed when the two super tankers were attacked, leading to a sizeable gap to the downside as trading got underway; the S&P 500 closed the day 0.7% in the red, while the Dow Jones fell 0.8% and the Nasdaq 100 shed 1.3%. Predictably, as the opening bells chimed across Asia early this morning, stock exchanges also opened with moderate gaps in the red, 1.6% in the case of the Nikkei 225 and almost 3% in the case of the Kospi index. Yesterday, the UK 30-year gilt yield reached 5.9%, the highest level since 1998, while yields on the 10-year gilt hit 5.18%, the highest level since 2008. In Japan, 10-year bond yields touched 3% for the first time since 1996. The US 10-year Treasury note rose to 4.8%, the highest level since January 2025. Germany and France are likewise seeing decade-long highs on their 10-year debt instruments, which are now offering yields not seen since 2011 and 2008 respectively. The entire sovereign bond market is undergoing a pretty severe repricing adjustment, due to a mix of inflation concerns, potential interest rate hikes, and a perceived loss in fiscal responsibility on behalf of the governments issuing said bonds. Either that or someone is expecting the mother of all bull runs to commence any second now. The month is off to a shaky start, which is all the more worrying considering that September is historically the worst month for stock markets, with the S&P 500 averaging a 1.1% loss since 1928; no other month has an average negative return. There is very little to say about the current state of financial markets that is not tied to developments in Iran, at least until Friday’s NFP report. #IRAN #OIL #BONDS About the Author Lawrence J. came from a strong technical and engineering background before pivoting into a more financial role later on in his career. Always interested in international finance, Lawrence is experienced in both traditional markets as well as the emerging crypto markets. He now serves as the financial writer for RADEX MARKETS. Reviewed by RADEX MARKETS Risk Warning: Trading derivatives and leveraged products carries a high level of risk, including the risk of losing substantially more than your initial investment.

The same losing script keeps replaying. Your stop gets swept by a hair before price turns back, the account shows an overnight deduction you never planned for, and one news release sends your order flying to a fill you do not recognise. At some point every trader asks the same question: is the market against me, or am I repeating mistakes I could actually fix? Almost always, it is the second one. This article lays out the 10 most common forex trading mistakes, and for each gives you three things: the symptom that tells you it is yours, the concrete fix, and the way to verify the fix has worked. Most forex losses come from a small set of repeated mistakes in two families: behavioural discipline errors, and trading costs treated as if they were free. The three most expensive are trading without a plan, overtrading, and ignoring spread, slippage and swap. Each of the 10 mistakes below comes with a fix and a way to verify it, and the cheapest place to run that whole cycle is a demo account, before any of it costs real money. Practise the fixes on a demo account: The 10 mistakes fall into two families. The first 4 are behaviour and discipline; the last 6 are mechanics and costs that most traders never count. Most people reading this list honestly will find they are running at least 3 of them. Here is the full set at a glance, before each gets its own section. With no written rules, every trade is improvised on the spot. There is nothing to follow, so there is nothing to break, and when the account bleeds you cannot say which decision did the damage. The symptom is simple to test: if you cannot state the entry and exit logic of your own last trade in one sentence, you are trading without a plan, whatever file sits on your desktop. The fix is to write the rules down and treat them as an operating document. The full eight-step build, with a copy-ready template, is in our trading plan guide. Read more：How to Make a Profitable Trading Plan: A Senior Trader's Guide Piling on trades after a winning streak and revenge-trading after a loss look like opposites, and they are the same mistake: trade count driven by emotion instead of setups. The symptoms are a daily count far beyond anything you planned, and a quiet inability to justify each trade when you review the day after the close. The fix is a hard cap on trades per day and a cooling-off rule after losses. The 10 warning signs and a self-check table are in our overtrading article. Read more：10 Signs of Overtrading and How to Avoid It Bet a large slice of the account on one idea and a single run of bad luck becomes an exit from the market. Oversizing turns ordinary variance into ruin. The symptom shows in the equity curve: one losing trade visibly bends it. The fix is to size every position from a fixed percentage of the account, decided before the trade, never from conviction. How to set that percentage and build the rest of the risk framework is covered in our risk management guide. Read more：10 Forex risk management tips every trader should know Skipping the stop hands the exit decision to whichever is reached first: your emotions or your margin. Neither exits well. The symptom is the losing position that gets held longer and longer, funded by fresh hope that price only needs to come back to break-even. The fix is mechanical: the stop is entered together with the trade, at the level where the idea is wrong, and it is not moved further away afterwards. Placement and order mechanics are covered in our stop-loss article and stop order guide. Read more：What is a stop-loss order and how to set it The spread is an entry fee paid on every single trade. Per trade it looks like noise; multiplied by frequency it becomes one of the biggest lines in a day trader's accounts. The symptom: you have never once written spread cost into a strategy's expectancy. Worked through with illustrative numbers: a day trader takes 8 trades a day on EUR/USD at an average spread of 0.9 pips, trading 0.5 lots. One pip on 0.5 lots is worth about $5, so each entry costs roughly $4.50. That is $36 a day, about $756 a month over 21 trading days, and roughly $9,072 a year. Verification: $4.50 × 8 × 21 × 12 = $9,072. On a $10,000 account, the spread alone consumes most of the account's starting value in a year, before a single bad decision is made. The fix has two parts: trade active sessions and lower-spread instruments, and write the spread into every trade's cost column so the number stays visible. You have verified the fix when spread cost appears as its own line in your next batch of journaled trades. The full calculation method is in our spread guide. Read more：What Is Spread in Forex? Formula, Calculation & Examples Around a major release, the spread widens and liquidity gets pulled at the same moment. A stop order triggered in that window converts to a market order in a market that has briefly stopped offering prices near your level. The symptom is unmistakable: line up your worst slippage and most of it clusters inside a few minutes of scheduled data. Illustratively, a pair that trades at 0.8 pips all morning can quote 6 pips or worse in the seconds around a rate decision. A stop that fills 5 pips beyond its trigger on 0.5 lots hands back an extra $25 on top of the planned loss. Nothing malfunctioned; that is what thin liquidity does to market orders. The fix: check the economic calendar before every session, and when a position must be held through a release, cut the size or pull resting orders first. You have verified it when a full data week passes with no unplanned fills. How execution behaves in fast markets is covered in our slippage article. Read more：What is slippage and how to avoid it in trading Hold a position past the daily rollover and it earns or pays overnight interest. On the wrong side of the rate gap, the charge lands every night, and on a multi-week hold it quietly eats a visible slice of whatever the trade makes. The symptom is a closed trade whose final profit and loss never quite matches your own arithmetic. Illustratively, a position charged $6.80 a night that is held for two calendar weeks collects around 10 charged nights, roughly $68, with one triple-charged Wednesday in each week already counted inside the total. Traders who never open the swap column simply find the account lighter than the chart says it should be. The fix: before opening any trade you intend to hold, look up the instrument's swap rate and multiply the planned nights into the cost. Verification is a habit, not a number: the swap column of every overnight position actually gets read. Rate lookup and the full formula are in our swap guide. Read more：What are swap fees and how are they calculated in forex trading? The market closes on Friday; elections, referendums and surprise announcements do not. Monday can open far beyond your stop level, and a stop order does not fill at its price after a gap — it fills at the first price available. The symptom is a Monday-morning statement showing an exit dozens of pips worse than the stop you set. Illustratively, a stop resting at 1.0800 protects nothing if Monday opens at 1.0754: the position closes 46 pips beyond the plan, and on 1 lot that is an extra $460 of loss the risk calculation never included. The fix: any position carried over a weekend is sized so that a gap through the stop is survivable, or reduced before Friday's close. Verification: every weekend hold in your journal was a deliberate decision, not a position you forgot. Gap behaviour and trigger mechanics are covered in our stop order guide. Read more：What is a stop order? Types, examples and how to set one The same pair is not the same market at different hours. In quiet sessions spreads run wide, depth runs thin, and a strategy that earns its edge in London hours can give the whole edge back in dead hours through costs alone. The symptom appears the first time you split your results by session: the losses cluster in specific times of day. The fix: concentrate trading in the active sessions for your pairs, and in thin hours let resting orders work instead of chasing prices. Verification is one honest pass through the journal with a session tag on every trade. Which hours are active for which pairs is covered in our trading sessions guide. Read more：Best time to trade forex: When to enter the market during the day Losses and recoveries are not symmetric. Lose 10% and an 11% gain repairs it; lose half the account and it takes a 100% run just to get back to the start. This asymmetry is the real mathematical price behind holding losers and oversizing, and the symptom is one specific belief: that a 50% drawdown is undone by a 50% gain. The table below is worth memorising. The fix folds back into Mistake 3: controlling the depth of each individual loss is the only way to keep the required recovery inside the possible. You have verified it when the account's maximum drawdown stops setting new records. The share of retail forex and CFD accounts that lose money is not urban legend; regulators publish it. The famous 90% figure is folklore, and the measured numbers are lower but still brutal. Here is what the official sources actually report. The figures differ because the samples differ. The FCA number comes from its 2016 analysis of CFD client accounts, ESMA's range aggregates national studies across the EU with average losses per client of €1,600 to €29,000, and the academic result tracks day traders on the Taiwan Stock Exchange across 14 years. Every serious measurement lands in the same territory: most retail accounts lose. The point of this table is not despair. The loss rate is high not because the market cheats, but because most participants repeat the same recognisable mistakes listed above, at leverage, in a market turning over $9.5 trillion a day that does not wait for anyone to learn. Every one of those mistakes is fixable, and fixing them is a process question. That is what the checklists below are for. Mistakes are not avoided by willpower; they are intercepted by process. The three checklists below can be copied straight off this page and adapted to your own market and style. Run this one before every entry: Run this one on your broker and your costs, once a quarter: And run this one after every losing trade: The 90% rule, often quoted as the 90/90/90 rule, is an informal industry saying that 90% of new traders lose 90% of their capital within their first 90 days. It is folklore rather than measured data, but the direction is right: regulator figures put the share of losing retail accounts at 74–89% in ESMA's analyses and 82% in the FCA's sample, and the behaviour the saying describes is exactly the stack of the 10 mistakes in this article. Forex trading leans heavily on skill, though luck decides plenty of individual trades. The skill side is precisely the 10 fixable mistakes above: any single position can go either way, but the long-run shape of the account curve is decided by discipline and cost awareness, not by fortune. Trading without a plan is the most common, because it also makes every other mistake impossible to attribute. Risking too much on a single trade is the close second, and the overview table at the top of this article maps the full set. Start by making the three invisible costs visible: spread, slippage and swap. Then put two risk rules in place, a fixed risk percentage and a stop entered with every trade, and run the pre-trade checklist in this article before every entry to intercept the most common leaks. The mechanics are easy to learn; the discipline and the cost awareness are the hard part. Making and fixing each of these 10 mistakes on a demo account is the cheapest trading education available. Structurally it is close: without written rules there is no expectancy management, so outcomes are driven by chance and emotion. A written trading plan is the thing that separates the two. The 10 mistakes in this article sort into two families: behaviour you can put rules around, and costs you can count. The loss-rate statistics are official and sobering, and none of them describe an unbeatable market; they describe a majority repeating recognisable errors at leverage. The three checklists exist to catch those errors before they price themselves in. The yardstick to take away: every loss in your journal should map to one of the 10 mistakes, or be confirmed as none of them, and only the losses that map to nothing belong to the market. Work through a losing streak with the post-mortem list in hand, and the shape of your losses changes: fewer categories, smaller depths, and a maximum drawdown that finally stops setting records. The RADEX MARKETS editorial team consists of seasoned financial professionals and market observers. Dedicated to delivering objective market summaries, macroeconomic insights, and educational content, the team strives to keep traders well-informed in a fast-paced financial environment. Reviewed by RADEX MARKETS Risk Warning Trading derivatives and leveraged products carries a high level of risk, including the risk of losing substantially more than your initial investment. Related concepts:

On Monday, Tim Cook stepped down as CEO of Apple after fifteen years at the helm of the company. In a heartfelt message to Apple employees, Cook quoted the late Steve Jobs, saying that the company ‘made it possible to leave our “dent in the universe” […] because of who we are and what we believe, because of what we value and how we see the world. How fortunate we are. How fortunate I am’. John Ternus, Apple’s senior vice president of hardware engineering, will now take on the role of CEO, while Tim Cook will remain on as executive Chairman. Cook first joined Apple back in 1998 after being asked to join the company by Steve Jobs. His first position was that of senior vice president for worldwide operations, which he would hold until 2009, after which Cook was promoted to lead operations. Over the next two years, as Jobs’ health continued to deteriorate, Cook took on a more active role in day-to-day operations, before officially replacing the former CEO in August of 2011, six weeks before Steve Jobs sadly passed away as result of complications from pancreatic cancer. It may be hard to comprehend today, but back in the mid-1990s, Apple was financially struggling due to a bloated product line and severe mismanagement. In 1997, Apple reported a net loss of over $1 billion and was estimated at one point to be only 90 days away from bankruptcy. Co-founder Steve Jobs rejoined the company during that same year, managed to secure a $150 million lifeline from none other than Microsoft, consolidated production efforts on a much smaller number of commercial ventures and eliminated many failed projects. While Jobs was the visionary giving newfound momentum to the company, Tim Cook was the financial architect that stopped Apple from bleeding to death. Supply chain management, distribution, logistics and manufacturing were all streamlined, leading to a system where idle inventory became almost non-existent. Hardware was assembled and shipped as quickly as possible, creating the ‘just-in-time’ manufacturing model that freed up millions in spare cash. By securing massive contracts with its various suppliers, Apple was also able to lock in stable supplies of components at lower prices than its competitors. In 1998, Apple recorded a net income of over $300 million, the first profitable year since 1995. The following year, in 1999, net income doubled to $600 million. Unfortunately, the dot-com bubble burst at the tail end of the year 2000, killing the upward momentum and causing the company to eat a loss of $25 million in 2001. This would be the last time Apple failed to turn a profit. Over the following years and decades, Apple gradually became the unstoppable behemoth we have all come to recognise. In 2007, the year the first iPhone launched, net income hit $3.5 billion; by 2010, this had quadrupled to $14 billion; in 2020, $57 billion. Over the last twelve months, Apple has recorded net profits of nearly $130 billion, while the company’s market cap has surpassed $4.5 trillion – the second largest in the world after Nvidia. Apple’s transformation is one of the greatest financial success stories the world has ever seen, and Tim Cook was at the heart of it from the very beginning. To say that he succeeded in his role is a huge understatement. He was instrumental. For clues as to what the future holds for Apple, one could do worse than to look at the incoming CEO John Ternus. Far from a typical boardroom executive, Ternus is a mechanical engineer by trade, who spent his entire career climbing the internal ranks inside Apple. For decades, his job has been to build the products for which Apple is now famous. Well respected by the rank-and-file of the company, John Ternus is the kind of person who spends hours arguing about the number of threads on a screw that no one will ever likely lay eyes upon. The shift from economic efficiency to product design and engineering is intentional. Apple has financially dominated for a generation; the new appointment suggests that the company’s focus will turn back to the products themselves and away from the bottom line. It is fair to say that Apple is no longer the cultural pioneer it used to be; one might even accuse the company of being somewhat boring in recent years. With that said, most companies are in no position to make such a transition. The fact that Apple is able to pivot back to its roots so readily is all down to the financial flexibility afforded by the actions of Tim Cook. About the Author Lawrence J. came from a strong technical and engineering background before pivoting into a more financial role later on in his career. Always interested in international finance, Lawrence is experienced in both traditional markets as well as the emerging crypto markets. He now serves as the financial writer for RADEX MARKETS. Reviewed by RADEX MARKETS Risk Warning: Trading derivatives and leveraged products carries a high level of risk, including the risk of losing substantially more than your initial investment.

Last week’s boredom finally ended on Friday following comments from Kevin Warsh at the Jackson Hole Symposium in Wyoming. The Federal Reserve Chairman gave his most candid view yet on the threat of inflation in the United States, stating that the committee “will have work to do” in order to bring rates back down to 2%. Warsh continued by saying that although headline numbers had improved, the latest data did not show that underlying inflation trends had “meaningfully improved”. Although the Fed is still refusing to give away much in terms of forward guidance, the message is straightforward. Rate hikes are absolutely still on the menu, and in fact the odds of such increased dramatically after Friday’s speech. According to CME’s FedWatch tool, the September meeting is now leaning towards a 60% chance of a 25-bps hike on the dollar; the same tool estimates only a 10% chance of interest rates remaining unmoved by the end of the year. The greenback reacted as one might expect, attracting foreign exchange flows that ultimately pushed the DXY up half a percent by the daily close, to 99.7 points. Precious metals took the news badly, with gold dropping around $150 on Friday to close the week at $4,455 per ounce and silver losing around $3 to hit $66.35 per ounce. Bitcoin also fell precipitously, forfeiting its membership of the $80,000 club and settling back down to the $77k range. US stocks incurred only minor losses on the day. For all the movement in other commodities, crude oil prices were remarkably stable on Friday, as the main seaborne benchmark remained anchored at $88 per barrel. There appears to be a lot going on behind the scenes in the oil industry, particularly in Venezuela, as a series of cryptic messages emerged over the weekend concerning the South American nation’s vast oil reserves. According to a social media post on Friday, President Trump claimed that the US would acquire a stake in said reserves, while Venezuela’s acting president Delcy Rodríguez described the agreement as a step towards modernising the nation’s oil industry. Trump went on to explain on Sunday that part of the deal would see Venezuelan oil being used to fill up the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which is currently only around 40% full. Details of the arrangement have not yet been forthcoming. The recent rapprochement towards the United States aligns perfectly with a separate rumour currently floating around Caracas, which suggests that Venezuela may be getting closer to withdrawing from OPEC, of which it is a founding member. When the organisation was first created back in 1960, the explicit purpose of the oil cartel was to consolidate power away from Western oil majors – the very same powers that are now establishing deals to exploit large swathes of Venezuela’s oil fields. The irony is lost on no one. The London Stock Exchange is closed today for the Summer Bank Holiday, but all other major exchanges will remain open this week. Eurozone CPI figures hit the newswires on Tuesday, followed by the July JOLT survey and the ISM manufacturing PMI later on in the US session. On Wednesday, the Bank of Canada is expected to hold rates steady on the Canadian dollar at 2.25%. On Thursday, the ISM will complete the services element of the PMI picture. Finally, on Friday, markets will brace themselves for the August non-farm payroll report, which is expected to showcase 45 thousand new jobs. Speaking of NFP reports, last Friday’s preliminary benchmark revision cut just 79 thousand jobs over the entire yearly period, representing a 0.1% change overall, producing no market reaction whatsoever. The earnings calendar is relatively quiet this week, with the exception of Dell Technologies (DELL) on Tuesday and Broadcom (AVGO) on Wednesday. The other major event of note is this year’s G20 summit, which will take place in North Carolina on Monday and Tuesday and is expected to cover ongoing tariff disputes as well the situation in the Middle East, which may well be the driving force in market sentiment over the next few days. The week is young but reports of attacks against oil tankers and Iranian targets alike are beginning to emerge, pushing the Brent Crude benchmark back towards $90 per barrel as oil markets open for trading. Asian stock exchanges are not impressed, with the Nikkei 225 and Kospi indices opening with moderate gaps to the downside earlier this morning. #IRAN #G20 #WARSH About the Author Lawrence J. came from a strong technical and engineering background before pivoting into a more financial role later on in his career. Always interested in international finance, Lawrence is experienced in both traditional markets as well as the emerging crypto markets. He now serves as the financial writer for RADEX MARKETS. Reviewed by RADEX MARKETS Risk Warning: Trading derivatives and leveraged products carries a high level of risk, including the risk of losing substantially more than your initial investment.

Wall Street got exactly the confirmation it was hoping for late on Wednesday night, after Nvidia (NVDA) not only smashed expectations on its latest earnings report but also reassured investors that demand for AI infrastructure remains sky-high for the foreseeable future. CFO Colette Kress estimated that the chipmaker could achieve 70% revenue growth in 2028, and that this figure was constrained not by demand but by supply concerns. CEO Jensen Huang went on to claim that sales could in fact double if it were not for the supply limitations currently throttling the semiconductor industry. The figures are there for all to see and the conclusion is an obvious one: demand in the AI sector is so high that manufacturers simply cannot keep up. Nvidia shares rose the better part of 9% on Thursday, the largest daily gain in over a year. The report also struck a chord with the wider tech sector, pushing Intel (INTC) and Broadcom (AVGO) over 4% higher during yesterday’s session; the Nasdaq 100 index climbed 1.4% when all was said and done. Further afield, markets have remained quiet in the latter half of this week, with the DXY treading water above 99 points, gold clinging on to $4,600 per ounce, crude oil rising marginally to $88 per barrel, while the only real outlier was Bitcoin, which finally managed to register a daily close above $80,000 for the first time since May. With Nvidia out of the way, attentions will turn to the Jackson Hole Symposium, which is now entering its second day. Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh is scheduled to speak at 10am Eastern Time and is expected to address the central bank’s path forward with regard to interest rates. The new chairman is still relatively new in his role and has adopted a much more tight-lipped stance than his predecessor. The Fed has essentially abandoned any form of forward guidance, leaving markets with very little to grapple with, making today’s statement all the more critical. Commentary pertaining to inflation will be particularly scrutinised, as will any reaction to the Treasury’s bond intervention last week. High inflation is obviously a problem, but the question floating around is how much of it is due to temporary causes and how much of it has a deeper, structural origin. Concerns around growth also factor into the equation; if the US economy can grow faster than the government’s borrowing costs, the debt-to-GDP ratio can stabilise, making predictions about an AI-fuelled economic boom all the more pertinent. Later today, the Bureau of Labor Statistics will publish the first annual revision to last year’s non-farm payroll count, contributing yet another argument for or against the strength of the US economy. #NVDA #INTC #FED

Venezuela may be getting closer to abandoning its official currency, the bolivar, in favour of the United States dollar. While citizens of the inflation-ravaged country have already resorted to using the greenback in daily commerce, as well as a store of value to defend against the bolivar’s constant depreciation, the local currency remains the sole legal tender issued by the Central Bank of Venezuela. Famous economist Steve Hanke, special advisor to the Venezuelan National Assembly, has estimated that the switch will take place with a 50% to 80% probability. Professor of applied economics at the John Hopkins University in Baltimore, Steve Hanke is well placed to have an opinion on the matter, having guided several other countries through similar transitions in the past. Dubbed the “Money Doctor”, Hanke previously helped Montenegro switch from the hyperinflating Yugoslav dinar to the German Deutschmark back in 1999, before aiding Ecuador in converting to the USD in 2000. The professor has also pushed for dollarisation in Zimbabwe, a nation that has ripped through half a dozen currencies in the last decade alone. The bolivar was first introduced all the way back in 1879, and for almost a century remained one of the most stable currencies in the entire world. Unfortunately, inflation in Venezuela in recent years has destroyed any credibility the South American currency once enjoyed. Since 2008, the bolivar has undergone three redenominations, together shaving 14 zeros from the previous iteration. One single bolivar today is equivalent to one hundred trillion pre-2008 bolivars. Inflation in Venezuela remains above 500% as of this year, with no end in sight. Although US dollars are already ubiquitous throughout Venezuela, officially switching currencies presents a number of major legal and technical hurdles. The Venezuelan constitution itself defines the bolivar as the country’s only legal currency, meaning an amendment would be required. The National Assembly would then have to pass a law granting the status of legal tender to the US dollar, as well as define a fixed exchange rate between the two currencies. Next, Venezuela would have to make sure that it has enough dollars to actually buy all the bolivars currently in circulation, which would require auditing the entire monetary base of the nation. Every single bank account, investment account, debt, obligation, mortgage, balance sheet, salary, contract and tax code would then need to be re-accounted. A transition period would then occur, during which both the dollar and the bolivar would be legally accepted, while slowing phasing out and mopping up all remaining notes of the latter. Assuming all went according to plan, the central bank of Venezuela would no longer be a central bank in any meaningful sense. All monetary powers would be stripped away, leaving the bank unable to print money or adjust interest rates. Instead, the bank would act like something of an administrative agent for the Venezuelan government, being responsible for auditing private banks, managing tax deposits and importing fresh supplies of physical cash when commercial banks find themselves in need of such. Many countries around the world adopted the US dollar as their official currency decades ago. Panama has been using the USD since 1904; Marshal Islands and Micronesia since 1944; Palau since 1994; Ecuador and Timor-Leste since 2000; El Salvador since 2001. A number of American, British and Dutch overseas territories have also adopted the greenback. Although the dollar is already the de facto currency of Venezuela, de jure adoption faces strong opposition from its current administration. Switching to a currency outside of the control of the government is never comfortable; the loss of monetary sovereignty is not to be brushed aside as a minor inconvenience. Beyond such concerns, losing the bolivar is also a matter of national pride, which, for historical reasons, is notably high in Venezuela’s case. The oil-rich nation suffered awful leadership under Chávez and later Maduro, whilst simultaneously being put under pressure by US economic sanctions. Maduro now awaits trial in a New York detention centre, while American energy giant Chevron is rapidly expanding its operations throughout Venezuelan oil fields. Venezuela may have to swallow its pride to regain its prosperity.